Recurrent Selection with Low Herbicide Rates and Salt Stress Decrease Sensitivity of Echinochloa colona to Imidazolinone

Weeds represent an increasing challenge for crop systems since they have evolved adaptability to adverse environmental conditions, such as salinity stress. Herbicide effectiveness can be altered by the quality of water in which weed is growing. This research aimed study combined effect salt stress and recurrent selection with a sublethal dose imidazolinone herbicides shifting sensitivity Echinochloa colona (L.) Link (junglerice) herbicides. was divided into two experiments; experiment I, three cycles were conducted Pelotas/RS/Brazil imazapic + imazapyr at 0.125× field rate; II, Fayetteville/AR/USA imazethapyr, recommended dose. Salt implemented irrigation 120 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The effective 50% control population (ED50) values increased from second generation (G2) after stress, supporting hypothesis reduced susceptibility combination these abiotic factors. Recurrent exposure or plants